The Long History Behind the Deliciousness of Tempura and Donburi: Popular Dishes Full of Stories

When traveling for culinary adventures in Japan, two dishes you will almost certainly encounter are the crispy Tempura and the satisfying Donburi. Both are incredibly popular — but did you know that behind their delicious flavors lies a long and unique history?

Learning the story behind the food you enjoy will make your culinary journey in Japan far more meaningful.

Tempura: Not 100% Originally Japanese?

Many people assume Tempura was created in Japan, but its origin story is a little different.

Tempura is seafood or vegetables coated in a light batter and fried until crispy. This recipe was introduced to Japan in the 16th century by Portuguese missionaries who arrived in Nagasaki.

The word “Tempura” is believed to come from the Latin phrase *ad tempora Quadragesimae* (the Lenten season), a period when Catholics were forbidden to eat meat and instead consumed fish prepared in various ways.

Japanese chefs later adopted the frying technique and perfected it. They reduced seasoning, used an extremely light batter, and served Tempura with a simple dipping sauce called Tentsuyu. The result? A dish that is light, non-greasy, and focused on the natural freshness of the ingredients — a distinct Japanese touch that transformed a foreign recipe into a culinary masterpiece.

Donburi: A Practical Innovation from the Edo Period

While Tempura traveled to Japan from abroad, Donburi is a symbol of Japanese culinary practicality.

“Donburi” simply means “bowl.” It is a dish consisting of rice served in a large bowl topped with various ingredients. There are many variants — from Katsudon (fried pork cutlet), Gyudon (sliced beef), to Tendon (Tempura over rice).

Donburi gained massive popularity during the Edo Period (1603–1868), a time of rapid urban development in Japan. It became a quick, affordable, and filling lunch solution for busy workers, theater performers, and city residents. It was essentially the beginning of Japanese fast food.

Timeless Enjoyment in Every Bite

When you visit Japan, try ordering Donburi topped with Tempura (Tendon) to experience the fusion of two culinary histories in one bowl.

Whether it’s Tempura that crossed oceans from Europe or Donburi born from the bustling energy of city life, both dishes reflect the richness and adaptability of Japanese food culture.